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Chart Excel.Chart.80*Microsoft Excel Chart0X5A Chart Excel.Chart.80*Microsoft Excel Chart0J8B Chart Excel.Chart.80*Microsoft Excel Chart/ 0LDTimes New Roman2(s 0( 0 ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 5/      $%''( #*!"#"!!_"$ XmvGC|. $ "$w4 / RYC "$UM]}H+|jY (U4 "$,g4 :R O c $ f޽f3:@g4PdPds 0>ppp@ <4!d!d>03<4dddd>03 ʚ;8ʚ;<4ddddH0480___PPT10 ?  O =`ZMoving Beyond Time, Distance and Shielding: Developing the Concept of Organizational ALARA[[Kenneth Ohr Quad Cities Generating Station  Exelon 2008 ISOE International Symposium 13 November 2008 g43 What is THIS?. Discussion PointsBackground Defining the Concepts Impact of Each Concept Applying the Concepts: Quad Cities Assess Yourself Closing Comments and QuestionsHBackground on  Organizational ALARA  What is it? Google Results +Organizational +ALARA yields ~41,200 hits Most are documents/manuals with a focus on the two distinct topics independent of each other + Organizational ALARA yields 4 hits Best document covers basic structure of an ALARA program INPO 05-008 No direct definition Hits upon several of the main concepts, but these concepts are not collected into a unified visionZ+Z]Z&Z9Z ZxZ+]&9   xA New Definition4Organizational ALARA  A collection of principles supporting the long-term performance of plant operations in a manner that maintains Collective Radiation Exposure (CRE) ALARA Higher level focus areas of plant performance and accountability that have the over-riding effect on CRE&What It Is NotZOrganizational ALARA is not the traditional  Big 3 (or four) Time, Distance, Shielding, and Planning These concepts of Practical ALARA application exist to support individual projects/tasks to achieve ALARA performance These concepts do not (or only narrowly) define the playing field for overall CRER>(#(Clichs Cannot see the forest for the trees  Winning the battles but losing the war ALARA Analog:  Beat every RWP/ALARA Plan estimate, but exceeded the outage dose goal We frequently achieve success in application of Practical ALARA techniques, but& jPZZHZQZO HQ +Organizational ALARA versus Practical ALARA\Practical ALARA Techniques: Time Distance Shielding Planning Impacts: A Job, Task, EvolutionL! !  Organizational ALARA Focus Areas: Source Term Reduction Equipment Reliability Worker Engagement Strategic Planning Impacts: Site collective performanceL"R "R  +Organizational ALARA versus Practical ALARAPractical ALARA Ownership: The Radiological Engineer ALARA Coordinator Radiation Protection Mgr Station ALARA Committee (SAC) t   c c Organizational ALARA Ownership: Station ALARA Committee Plant Health Committee Project Review Committee Chemistry Department Engineering Organization Maintenance Organization Operations Corporate ALARA Council Radiation Protection And the list goes on& ^ZZ ZZ  Organizational ALARA ConceptsPSource Term Reduction Equipment Reliability Worker Engagement Strategic Planning  Source Term Reduction (STR)Establishes the playing field in which all plant activities take place In its fundamental form, Source Term is one-half of the equation for dose manifesting itself as the Dose Rate in the working area Dose = Time x Dose Rate Source Term (and activities to reduce its impact) affects every job taking place in the Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA) Source Term Reduction must be the primary focusZ ZZ 3  Principal OwnersrChemistry Identifies, tracks, and trends isotopes of interest Manages injection/addition of chemicals to achieve chemistry regimes that favor continued reduction in source term Depleted Zinc Oxide (DZO), Hydrogen Addition, even Noble Metals Optimizes resin recipes and use in Demineralizers for effective source term removal Manages Chemical Decontamination applicationsV @ @ Principal OwnersLOperations Operates the plant in a manner that maintains stable chemistry parameters Focuses on Reactor Water Clean-Up (RWCU) availability, Hydrogen Addition availability and trips Manages unit down-powers and is cognizant of equipment/systems that support Chemistry Effectively processes RadWaste streams for removal of source term* B B Principal OwnersNEngineering Ensures that introduction of new Source Term-generating materials to the plant are minimized or eliminated (Stellite, Inconel) Ensures that plant modifications / alterations are developed with Source Term removal mechanisms incorporated Designs and approves shielding remedies for localized areas where source term resides* C C7/Contributing OwnersOther Groups of Interest: Nuclear Fuels Fuel Reliability (or the converse, Fuel Failure) can trump other STR efforts without effective mitigation Maintenance Post-maintenance cleanliness issues on internal valve/pump work where Stellite (Cobalt-59) is present can result in more introduction of Source Term than would otherwise be seen through normal erosion/corrosion Procurement Materials received for installation into the plant must be verified to be Cobalt-FreeZZjZ ZZ ZVZj   VEquipment Reliability (ER)Equipment Reliability drives the scope of work that is performed at a plant and the conditions in which the work takes place Material Condition is another term that may be used in conjunction with this focus area Effective ER monitors plant equipment and results in smaller work scopes performed in a preventive manner and reduces the impact of Emergent work The reliability of plant equipment (its Material Condition) governs the amount of work required in a work week, a fuel cycle, or (most acutely) an outageB}ZXZ,Z}X, Equipment Reliability (ER)Dose1 = Time1 x Dose Rate1 Dose2 = Time2 x Dose Rate2 DosePM = TimePM x Dose RatePM DoseMod = TimeMod x Dose RateMod DoseRework = TimeRework x Dose RateRework DoseEmergent = TimeEmergent x Dose RateEmergent CRE = Dose1 + Dose2 + & + DoseRework + DoseEmergent ER Determines the scope that drives CRE.Z)Z                         33333 3333*Principal OwnersEngineering Generally, the owners of a site Plant Health Committee (PHC) or equivalent, which includes: System Monitoring and Health Reporting Program Engineering (ISI, FAC, IVVI, MOV) Site equipment repair/modification priority list (such as Focus Areas, Top Ten Tactical Lists, etc.) Design (or Modification) Engineering sets the stage for future installations and has a key role in minimizing future installation and maintenance dose impactsV \ \Principal OwnersMaintenance A customer and stakeholder in the Plant Health Committee that has the ability to impact priorities Provides direct input in PM frequency May include a Component Maintenance Optimization (CMO) branch with a specific function of establishing the optimal preventive maintenance scope and periodicity Most importantly, Maintenance craftsmanship directly affects rework rates and efficiency of in-field work activities*  Additional OwnersEquipment Reliability touches many other groups, some of which are called out directly in models such as INPO s  Bubble Chart They include: Chemistry (again) Stores and Procurement Operations*44Worker Engagement (WE)Every site has it to some extent, but Engagement that achieves a state of free-flowing communication and worker ownership of the plant and their activities results in performance job-by-job that can smash dose estimates and achieve Dose Goals Worker Engagement can be seen as directly impacting the other half of the dose equation being the Time required to complete work in the RCA Dose = Time x Dose RateXZ ZU&3Worker Engagement (WE)Healthy engagement is characterized by: A healthy feedback system (ALARA Suggestions) Habitual use of Post Job Reviews to improve performance Ownership of dose at the personal/crew/departmental level Effective role of ALARA/Radiological Engineering as stewards of dose versus sole estimator, assignor, and accountant Worker engagement continues up to the senior management levels with departmental dose accountability and a continual understanding of current performance versus goalsB(ZZZ(Principal OwnersRadiation Protection RP must truly own and foster Engagement through multiple, open communication channels RP (and better, the SAC) must have and share a vision of both the behaviors expected and the goals to be achieved Even if dose accountability is achieved down to the individual worker, RP still must maintain an ownership that exceeds the best department and knowledge that is at least one additional level deep RP must foster an environment of Continuous ImprovementFZZ8Principal Owners&Plant Management Crossing into every department, desired Engagement has roles for every level of the organization Individual Worker First Line Supervisor Superintendent Department Head or Senior Manager Plant (General) Manager and Site Vice President Do they know their role? How do you know?@++Strategic Planning (SP)BStrategic Planning (or Business Planning or Long-Term Planning) serves to sustain performance Effectively utilized, SP acts as a radiological  Shock Absorber , dampening the peaks and valleys of work scope and Modification activities as developed by ER Some best-performing ALARA plants have effective plans out 10 years or more Plants can achieve a Top Quartile outage without it, but how about 4 or 5 consecutively?BZLZYZLY!Strategic Planning (SP)pLong Term CRE = CREOutage1 + CREOn-Line1 + CREOutage2 + CREOn-Line2 + CREOutage3 + CREOn-Line3 + and so on...qZPrincipal OwnersXSite Senior Management Must provide an effective integration of required PM work, programmatic inspections, corrective maintenance, and capital modifications Dose must be evaluated, even if only by order of magnitude The Corporation Where there exist multi-site corporations, this long-view of each site must be effectively weighed and balancedTpp"Organizational ALARA Defined Radiological Hierarchy of NeedsAkin to Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs, CRE is affected in this basic order: Source Term Reduction Fundamentally underlies all CRE performance Equipment Reliability Defines the amount of work and challenges to effective planning Worker Engagement Can improve the Time required to complete work Strategic Planning Can sustain performance and shave off the CRE peaks`Z,ZZ@ZZ/ZZ4Z`,@/  4* Do I Need All Four? It Depends - How far do you want to go? Source Term Reduction is a must Good performing Source Term, intentionally or by accident, can mask the impact of the other three Equipment Reliability (Material Condition) determines your shots on goal The most engaged organization can excel in an event-free Steam Dryer repair, but it is still a Steam Dryer repair (or an Emergent MSIV, or LSIV, etc& )IbI bIW%InsightsFNone of these concepts are new Recognition of their combined impact unlocks the potential for dramatically different CRE performance Critical to this end is achieving a conscious understanding of the import of each area on site dose performance Target: Gain non-RP departments as true allies and stakeholders in CRE reduction.GZP3# Case Study: Quad Cities2 Unit BWR-3 Mark I containment Commercial operation commenced in 1973 Following application of Noble Metals on each unit in 1999, a source term transient occurred that increased dose rates in the Drywell and communicating systems by 3x to 5x High source term loading in-vessel was transported ex-vessel after Zinc response to Noble Metals chemistry regime was incorrectly diagnosed and managedZ-*Case Study: Quad CitiesDose rates increase on the secondary side (Turbine side) by 8x to 10x due to Design Capacity deficiencies in the Steam Dryer (Moisture Carry-Over) Extended Power Uprates were conducted on both units in 2002 to increase capacity by 17% Resulted in failures of both Steam Dryers, increases in Vibration levels that affected reliability of ERVs, SRVs, MSIVs, and other Turbine-side components*.+Case Study: Quad CitiesvSource Term Reduction: Recovery effort commenced with development of the Exposure Reduction Charter establishing 6 teams lead by RP, Chemistry, Engineering, Nuclear Fuels, and Corporate organizations Results were achieved that halted the Source Term increases, reversed the trend, and jump-started the recovery This has been discussed in various forums over the past 4 years*``/,Case Study: Quad Cities~Equipment Reliability: EPU Recovery matured from actions treating symptoms (adding a thicker plate to the Steam Dryers and hardening ERV actuators) to more effective diagnosis of the underlying cause Implementation of the Acoustic Side Branch modification on the Steam Lines resolved a 30+ year old issue Steam Dryer replacement increased capacity in concert with the uprated power *hh$!Current State: Quad CitiesSource Term Reduction Exposure Reduction Charter adapted into living 5-Year Plan with SVP ultimate signature approval Chemistry parameters are in the site management common vocabulary and are discussed daily Operational focus on Hydrogen Water Chemistry, Zinc Injection, RWCU Availability Measures such as Cobalt-to-Zinc ratio are driven to beat minimum industry guidance (2e-5) and drive for best identified performance (<5e-6)*%"Current State: Quad CitiesEquipment Reliability Plant vibrations at EPU now less than 50% of those at old full power Technical Human Performance philosophy and principles developed that govern engineering activities Component Maintenance Optimization (CMO) organization formed Dose is a required value utilized in Plant Health Committee discussions of mod prioritization Dose integrated into Tactical ER Lists*jj&#Current State: Quad CitiesWorker Engagement Individual dose accountability established including a structure for assigning dose goals to individual level daily RWP Trip Tickets implemented that force determination and accounting of dose individually FLS ownership of crew estimating, performance, and feedback established Management accountable to 10 micro-Sv (1 mrem) overages in Plan of the Day (POD) meetings*pp'$Current State: Quad Cities9Strategic Planning Fleet dose now monitored with aggregate over/under performance accounted for Corporate ALARA Committee (CAC) established with site ownership for dose at the Plant Manager level Long-term Planning includes population of dose impact of future jobs (out 5 years) as part of decision-making process*''(%Impact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage) 3.Impact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage) 4-Impact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage) )&Impact: Quad Cities (On-Line) +(Assess Yourself9Where do you stand on each of the topics? 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InsightsCase Study: Quad CitiesCase Study: Quad CitiesCase Study: Quad CitiesCase Study: Quad CitiesCurrent State: Quad CitiesCurrent State: Quad CitiesCurrent State: Quad CitiesCurrent State: Quad CitiesImpact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage)Impact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage)Impact: Quad Cities-1 (Outage)Impact: Quad Cities (On-Line)Assess Yourself Thank You.  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